In recent years, the rapid development of the automotive industry, followed by a question of resources and environmental pollution; under the support of national policy, the new energy automotive industry is climbing, a large number of automobile manufacturers also put new energy as innovation opportunities new energy vehicles has become an important trend in the future development and direction of the vehicle.
Development Background resources and environmental problems
First, the shortage of global oil resources.
Global oil reserves already a shortage, with car ownership continues to rise, the oil consumption has caused a serious burden, causing oil prices to rise only on traditional petroleum-fueled vehicles cause a great impact, in such Under the background of the new energy vehicles has become an inevitable choice for automotive sustainable development.
Second, the environmental pollution problems.
Cars consume a large amount of oil resources, gas emissions are one of the causes of the greenhouse effect; it must pay attention to environmental issues, energy conservation is imperative, the introduction of new energy fuel vehicles on the concern.
Third, foreign markets to drive.
In foreign new energy vehicle development is relatively mature, domestic new energy vehicles is still in its infancy, new energy vehicles has become one of the development direction of the entire automotive industry; under the new energy market driven by foreign and domestic in order to remain unbeaten land, we must work hard to develop new energy vehicles.
Focus on what is new in the new energy vehicles?
New energy vehicles can literally be interpreted as the use of new energy fuel vehicles, the focus also reflected in a "new" word above; this new character is mainly reflected in fuels, such vehicles does not use conventional gasoline cars, diesel-powered source, and the use of unconventional fuel as a power source car; the biggest difference between the traditional structure of the car's power system is to increase the range of components battery, motor, electric control systems, use of new energy sources to effectively reduce the exhaust environment pollution.
New energy vehicles core technology is the battery, including lithium ion batteries, nickel hydrogen batteries, fuel cells, lead acid batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors which mostly appear in the form of an auxiliary power source. Battery technology has become a top priority of the new energy vehicles, battery energy density and charging time is long hampered the development of new energy vehicles, how to reduce the cost of the battery, the mileage is the key to enhance the new energy automobile sustainable development.
The hottest new energy electric car Category
Types of new energy vehicles are also varied, including pure electric vehicles, extended-electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles and fuel cell electric vehicles, hydrogen engine cars, other vehicles and other new energy sources. Although a wide range, but when it comes to real life, new energy vehicles or pure electric is the most common, while fuel vehicles, hydrogen-powered cars is generally considered to be the ultimate goal of development.
1. The concept of pure electric vehicles
Pure electric vehicles (BEV) can be defined as a use of a single energy storage batteries as a power source for automobiles; pure electric car is driven by the power and control system, the driving force transmission and other mechanical system components to provide electrical power to the motor through the battery, drive motor rotation, thus ensuring the normal running of the new energy automotive vehicles.
advantage:
1. Pure electric vehicles use clean energy, no emissions during driving, zero polluting emissions.
2. effectively reduce the noise pollution; pure electric vehicles in the process of moving noise is greatly reduced.
3. electric vehicles than gasoline powered cars to high energy efficiency.
The pure electric car simple structure, using a single electrical energy, eliminating the need for engine, transmission, fuel tanks, cooling and exhaust systems, electric cars easier to operate.
Disadvantages:
1. Mileage short pure electric car the most fatal weakness.
2. The batteries and the high cost of the motor, the price is relatively expensive, high maintenance costs.
3. The battery life is short, recyclability poor, did not need to be replaced a few years to increase the cost.
4. lag and maintenance is not convenient for a pure electric car facilities construction needs to increase the number of charging stations.
2. The concept of hybrid cars
Hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is a driving system consists of two or more distinct power sources to drive the car with the vehicle, generally by the internal combustion engine and electric motor as a source of power, and depending on the circumstances or by a single drive train alone a drive train together provide. Depending on the coupling of the engine and the electric motor, hybrid vehicles into series, parallel, hybrid hybrid car.
advantage:
Not only with traditional fuel engine power is good, fast response and long working hours of advantages, but also have the benefit of clean and low-noise motor; the internal combustion engine typically operate at optimum operating point, fuel consumption is relatively low, combustion; energy saving effect Well, no external charging system, mileage long.
Disadvantages:
Relatively high cost, maintenance cost is much higher than ordinary cars, especially in the battery, once had damaged the warranty period, maintenance and replacement of expensive.
3. Other types of new energy vehicles
In addition to the above described common types of new energy vehicles, there are fuel cell by an electrochemical reaction to generate electricity for the power source driving the fuel cell vehicle, as well as hydrogen engine for the automotive and other types of power sources. In short, due to the limitations of technology, the focus of the new energy vehicle development stage or on the field of electric vehicles, hydrogen and other energy as a power source will be the direction of future development.
Application of new energy truck long way to go
Along with the promotion of new energy policy has intensified the trend of development of pure electric car is getting better, in 2015 the State Council issued the "Made in China 2025", energy-saving and new energy vehicles as a key to build ten key industries. This fully shows the country for new energy vehicles, high degree of attention; Under this background, new energy has become one of the development trend of the truck sector.
Throughout the new domestic energy market, in the field of pure electric truck models for the energy gradually emerge. Domestic pure electric vehicle type, or with a slight dominance, which in light truck models among the more pure electric, pure electric logistics and special vehicles including refrigerated trucks, delivery logistics, postal vehicles, pure electric-powered applications more .
In the private car among new energy models are more and more fire, pure electric sanitation trucks low energy consumption, pollution-free characteristics can effectively reduce emissions, today's pure electric sanitation vehicles to light trucks, mini trucks chassis majority, Fukuda, JAC, Dongfeng chassis The most common pure electric sanitation vehicles, pure electric garbage trucks, water truck, sweeper is gradually applied to daily life.
New energy is an important development direction of the car, in the tiny electric car a good momentum of development of the premise, pure electric truck and did not stop the development of pure electric also test the water to a greater tonnage of direction. In 2015, he turned 16 tons of BYD T8 truck birth, and assume the Tiananmen Square military parade in the cleaning work; in addition, BYD's first self-developed electric wide-body dump tub V60 also successful trial offline, which have fully proved that the pure electric truck field in concern.
Of course, in the process of the development of pure electric trucks will encounter a lot of problems, and how to ensure a longer life mileage has become a stumbling block to the development process; micro card chassis pure electric urban logistics vehicle more reason, is Because they are primarily short-distance transport, and not too high for the mileage requirements; in 2015 in Wuhan Dongfeng Motor Show to launch special logistics pure electric car, with regard to large-tonnage trucks to the chassis, only with 90 kilometers of mileage, road trucks of new energy greater tonnage long way to go.
New energy vehicles is an important direction of today's automotive development, development of new energy resources to solve environmental problems and the inevitable trend. However, the development of new energy vehicles road has not been easy, our core technology to be further improved, in order to continue the development of new energy vehicles need to learn from foreign experience under the premise of the development of new energy sources, the development of a new nationally appropriate based on China's basic national conditions energy vehicle development strategy.
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